"Third International Workshop on Closed Ecological Systems"
The Need for an Experimental Basis to Analyze Global Environmental
Issues with a day meeting on carbon dynamics and modelling

Space Biospheres Ventures
Biosphere 2 Conference Center, Oracle, Arizona
April 24 -27, 1992

Friday,  April 24

Arrival of guests
Tour of Biosphere 2 and research facilities in the Biospheric Research and Development Center/video linkage with Biosphere 2 Crew and welcoming talks

Evening panel
Updates on status of closed ecological system work

Josef Gitelson -Director, Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Academy of Sciences
Mel Averner, Head, NASA CELSS program
Roger Binot -European Space Technology Center, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Keiji Nitta -National Aeronautical Lab, Tokyo, Japanese CELSS Society
John Allen -Biosphere 2 Project
Ganna Meleshka, Head, Closed Systems Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems,
Ministry of Health, Moscow

Saturday, April 25

Carbon Dynamics and Modeling in Closed Ecological Systems and its
Relevance to Global Environmental Issues
Chair: Dan Botkin, UC Santa Barbara

Presentations:

1. THE CARBON CYCLE FROM GEOLOGICAL TO INDUSTRIAL TIME FRAMES
James Kasting, Earth Systems Science, Pennsylvania State University

2. MICROBIAL ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM AND GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE
Eldor Paul, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University

3. SOIL PROCESSES AND THEIR ROLE IN CARBON DYNAMICS
Lisa Levine, Biospheric Science Division, NASA Godard Spaceflight Center

4. BIOS 3 FACILITY RESEARCH WITH CARBON DYNAMICS IN CLOSED
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS -Henry Lisovsky or Aleksander Tikhormirov

5. LONG-TERM ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT OF TREES
Sherwood Idso, US Water Conservation Laboratory, USDA, Phoenix

6. PLANT RESPONSE To ELEVATED CO2 LEVELS
Bruce Bugbee, Utah St. University
C02 Plant Growth Enhancement and Toxicity in Optima/ Environments.

Ray Wheeler, Kennedy Space Center NASA CELSS Breadboard Project, Target
CELSS Crops under High C02 Conditions

Walter Oechel, San Diego State University
Response of Native Plants to Elevated C02

Don Graybill, Tree Ring Laboratory, University of Arizona
Detecting the aerial fertilization effect of atmospheric C02 enrichment on tree growth: controlled laboratory experiments and dendrochronological evidence

7. ECOSYSTEM STUDIES OF CARBON CYCLING

Hyrum Johnson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Temple, Texas
Response of Rangeland to Increasing Levels of C02

Kira Kobak, State Hydrological Institute, St, Petersberg, Russia
Response of Boreal Forests to Elevated C02 and Global Climate Change

8.THE WORLD OCEAN AND THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE
Bob Bacastow, Geological Division, Scripps Institute of Oceanography

9. BIOSPHERE 2 CARBON STUDIES
Dan Botkin, U.C.
Santa Barbara presentation of his and Space Biospheres Ventures' research on Biosphere 2 carbon data and system efficiency and carbon distribution and modelling

10. MODELLERS OF CARBON CYCLE

Mike MacCracken, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
Factors in the Validation and Scaling up of Models

Bill Parton, Natural Resource Ecology Lab, Colorado State University
The Century Model: Grassland Models -Applicability and Response to Changing Conditions

Bob Dixon, EPA Lab, Corvallis, Oreg.

Sunday, April 26

Biospherics -Issues of Common Concern for Small Man-made Systems, Ecosystem Ecology and the Planetary Biosphere
Chair: Gerald Soften, NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center

1. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SMALL POPULATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF THE CONSERVATION OF PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES

James Hamrick, University of Georgia
Levels of Genetic Diversity in Endemic Plant Species: A Review and Three Case Studies

Daniel Goodman, Montana State University
Management Strategies for Small Populations

Steve O'Brien, National Institute of Health
Tracking Animal Genetics in Natural and Engineered Ecosystems

Michael Balick, Director, Institute of Economic Botany, New York Botanic Gardens
Ethnobotany and Economics as Tools in the Preservation of Rainforests

2. TECHNOLOGIES TO ALLEVIATE AIR, WATER POLLUTION, ADVANCE RECYCLING CAPABILITIES

Peter Warshal, Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona
Biological Methods of Water and Waste Recycling

3. RESTORATION ECOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF ECOSYSTEM~FUNCTIONING AND INTERACTIONS

Michael Pilson, Director, Marine Ecology Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode island
Mescosms as Research Tools in Marine Research

Dan Vogt, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
Vegetation Biomass Belowground: Eosystem Comparisons and Significance for Long-term Studies

Tony Burgess, Desert Laboratory, Tucson, AZ
Lessons from Biosphere 2: Foodwebs, Disturbance, Weeds and Growth Forms Spectra

4. ENERGETICS OF CLOSED ECOSYSTEMS AND LESSONS FOR ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Rocco Fazzolare, Dept. of Nuclear/Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Arizona

Harold Morowitz, George Mason University
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Constraints of Closed E-Ecological Systems

5. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FROM THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL
MESOCOSMS AND CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Bill Aldridge, National Science Teachers Association

Judy Garcia, Special Education Programs, Fairfax (Va.) County School District
Developing Grade School Science Curriculum using Man-made ecosystems

6. THEORY OF BIOSPHERICS
Nicholas Pechurkin, Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk
Small Man-made Ecosystems as basis for Biospheric Science

MONDAY, APRIL 27

MORNING SESSION WITH CONCLUDING TALKS ON FUTURE PROGRAMS, AGENDA OF CRITICAL ISSUES ETC.
Co-Chairs: Josef Gitelson, IBP and John Allen, SBV

1. MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
William Dempster
Engineering/Structural Challenges of Biosphere 2

2. HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Roy Walford, Biosphere 2 Medical officer
Preliminary Health and Dietary Results from Biosphere 2

Lydia Somova, Institute of Biophysics
Internal Microbial Considerations in Closed Ecological Systems

3. GROUND TESTBEDS AND VERIFICATION IN SPACE/FUTURE OF CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Cary Mitchell, Purdue University Center for Bioregenerative Life Support
Innovative Pathways for CELSS development

Volker Blum, University of Ruhr, Bochum, Germany
Closed Aquatic Systems in Space Research

Mel Averner
NASA's program for CELSS validation

Ganna Meleshka, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow
Simulation and Research in Closed Systems in Space

Randolph Ware, External Tank Corp., Boulder, Colo.
Deployment of External Tanks for Space Life Support Systems

Chris McKay, NASA Ames Research Center
Biosphere N.: Closed Ecological Life Supports for Mars, From Terrabubbles to Terraforming

Josef Gitelson, Institute of Biophysics
Plans for a Bios-4 Facility with International Cooperation